Village life game genetics 201511/11/2023 Using an agent-based computational model, we demonstrate that cells with higher metabolism rates evolve to have higher rates of movement and that ‘neoplastic’ cells with higher metabolism rates are able to persist in a population of ‘normal’ cells with low consumption rates, but only if increased metabolism is accompanied by increased motility. Here we investigate whether the disregulated metabolism characteristic of cancer cells may play a causal role in selection for cell motility, and thus to the tissue invasion and metastasis that define cancer. If so, somatic evolution should favor cells that are capable of dispersal, especiallywhen cells are consuming local resources at high rates. The evolution of cell motility is likely to be driven by these fundamental ecological forces. These same evolutionary forces are likely at work inside neoplasms, favoring cells that can gain access to limiting resources in spite of local scarcity. Resource limitation is a fundamental ecological pressure that limits survival and reproduction across all ecological systems, exerting evolutionary pressures that favor those who can escape from resourcelimitation. This work shows that cooperation or defection, in populations of players that use the information from previous moves to plan future ones, can be influenced by changing environmental parameters that affect a player’s capacity to reliable communicate to other players their intentions, encoded in the history of their plays. We find that evolutionary paths end at strategies that cooperate if the environment is sufficiently predictable, while they end in defection in uncertain and inconsistent worlds because inconsistency favors defection over cooperation. Here, we encode these decisions within genes, and allow them to adapt to environments that differ in how well a player can predict how an opponent is going to play. The tension between cooperation and defection can be represented by a simple game (the “Prisoner’s Dilemma”), which has been used to study the conflicts between decisions to cooperate or defect. The observed cooperation between genes, cells, tissues, and higher organisms represents a paradox for Darwinian evolution, because the individual success of cheating is rewarded before its long-term detrimental consequences are felt. “Evolution of Cooperation from Reliable Communication”
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